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A Sudden Outbreak of Illness Suggestive of Mass Hysteria in Schoolchildren
Gary W. Small, MD;
David T. Feinberg, MD;
David Steinberg, MD;
Mark T. Collins
Arch Fam Med. 1994;3(8):711-716.
References
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1. Sirois F. Epidemic hysteria. In: Roy A, ed. Hysteria. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons Inc; 1982:101-114.
2. Small GW, Borus JF. Outbreak of illness in a school chorus: toxic poisoning or mass hysteria? N Engl J Med. 1983;308:632-635.
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3. Philen RM, Kilbourne EM, McKinley TW, Parrish RG. Mass sociogenic illness by proxy: parentally reported epidemic in an elementary school. Lancet. 1989;2:1372-1376.
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4. Small GW, Nicholi AM. Mass hysteria among schoolchildren: early loss as a predisposing factor. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1982;39:721-724.
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5. American Psychiatric Association, Committee on Nomenclature and Statistics. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Revised Third Edition. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1987:257. 6. Small GW, Propper MW, Randolph ET, Eth S. Mass hysteria among student performers: social relationship as a symptom predictor. Am J Psychiatry. 1991;148:1200-1205.
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7. Selden BS. Adolescent epidemic hysteria presenting as a mass casualty, toxic exposure incident. Ann Emerg Med. 1989;18:892-895.
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8. Araki S, Honma T. Mass psychogenic systemic illness in schoolchildren in relation to the Tokyo photochemical smog. Arch Environ Health. 1986;41:159-162.
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9. Goh KT. Epidemiological inquiries into a school of an unusual illness. Int J Epidemiol. 1987;16:265-270.
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10. Donnell HD, Bagby JR, Harman RG, et al. Report of an illness outbreak at the Harry S Truman State Office Building. Am J Epidemiol. 1989;129:550-558.
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11. Sinks T, Kerndt PR, Wallingford KM. Two episodes of acute illness in a machine shop. Am J Public Health. 1989;79:1024-1028.
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12. Pfeiffer PH. Mass hysteria masquerading as food poisoning. J Maine Med Assoc. 1964;55:27.
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13. Stahl SM, Lebedun M. Mystery gas: an analysis of mass hysteria. J Health Soc Behav. 1975;15:44-50.
14. Landrigan PJ, Miller B. The Arjenyattah epidemic: home interview data and toxicological aspects. Lancet. 1983;2:1474-1476.
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15. Medalia NZ, Larsen ON. Diffusion and belief in a collective delusion: the Seattle windshield pitting epidemic. Am Sociol Rev. 1958;23:180-186.
16. Mausner JS, Gezon HM. Report on a phantom epidemic of gonorrhea. Am J Epidemiol. 1967;85:320-331.
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17. McEvedy CP, Beard AW. Royal free epidemic of 1955: a reconsideration. BMJ. 1970;1:7-11.
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18. Wessley S, Wardle CJ. Mass sociogenic illness by proxy: parentally reported epidemic in an elementary school. Br J Psychiatry. 1990;157:421-424.
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19. McLeod WR. Merphos poisoning or mass hysteria. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 1975;9:225-229.
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20. Levine RJ. Is the presence of low-level environmental contamination a sufficient excuse for not diagnosing mass hysteria? J Occup Med. 1981;23:597-598.
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21. Small GW. Sick building syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1993;329:504.
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22. Kerckhoff AC, Back KW, Miller N. Sociometric patterns in hysterical contagion. Sociometry. 1965;28:2-15.
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23. Moss PD, McEvedy CP. An epidemic of overbreathing among schoolgirls. BMJ. 1966;2:1295-1300.
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24. Hutzler JC, Rund DA. Mass hysteria. In: Nelson RN, Rund DA, Keller MD, eds. Environmental Emergencies. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders Co; 1985:273-279. 25. Small GW, Borus JF. The influence of newspaper reports on outbreaks of mass hysteria. Psychiatr Q. 1987;58:269-278.
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26. Hefez A. The role of the press and the medical community in the epidemic of 'mysterious gas poisoning' in the Jordan West Bank. Am J Psychiatry. 1985;142:833-837.
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