Florence Nightingale: The Biostatistician
Figure 3
Polar-area diagram invented by Florence Nightingale to highlight the causes of deaths in British military hospitals during
the Crimean War (1854–1856)
Blue wedges represent preventable deaths (infectious diseases), pink wedges represent deaths from wounds, and black wedges represent deaths from all other causes. Taken from Notes on matters affecting the health, efficiency, and hospital administration of the British Army (1858).
