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Galanin in Alzheimer Disease
Table 2.
Putative Signaling Mechanisms of GALR Subtypes in Vitro
| GALR subtype | Species GALRa | Expression system | Functional Activity | G protein coupling |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| a References in parentheses. CHO, chinese hamster ovary cell line; COS7, african green monkey COS7 kidney cell line; H69, human H69 small cell lung cancer cell line; HEK293, human embryonic kidney 293 cell line; Ca2+ -dep, Ca2+ dependent; Cl– , Cl– conductance (outwardly rectifying current–voltage relationship); K+ , K+ conductance (inwardly rectifying current–voltage relationship); PKC-dep, protein kinase C–dependent; PKCi, PKC-independent; PTXi, PTX pertussis toxin insensitive; PTXs, PTX sensitive | ||||
| GALR1 | Human (79) | CHO cells | ↓ cAMP/PTXs | Gi |
| Rat (80 ,82) | CHO cells | ↓ cAMP/PTXs | Gi | |
| Rat (81) | ↑ MAPK/PTXs/PKCi | Gi/o | ||
| Xenopus oocytes | ↑ K+ /PTXs | Gi/o | ||
| GALR2 | Human (84 ,86) | HEK293/H69 | ↑ IP3 /PTXi | Gq/11 |
| ↑ Ca2+ /PTXi | Gq/11 | |||
| Human (84) | CHO/HEK293 | ↓ cAMP/PTXs | Gi | |
| Rat (80 ,82) | CHO/COS7 | ↑ IP3 /PTXi | Gq/11 | |
| Rat (82) | CHO | ↑ MAPK/PTXs/PKC-dep | Go | |
| Rat (80) | Xenopus oocyytes | ↑ Cl– /PTXi /Ca2+ -dep | Gq/11 | |
| GALR3 | Rat (81) | Xenopus oocytes | ↑ K+ /PTXs | Gi/o |
