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Graft, Vol. 6, No. 2, 71-79 (2003)
DOI: 10.1177/1522162803256700
© 2003 SAGE Publications

The Allograft Immune Response

Peter Abt

University of Pennsylvania Medical Center

Abraham Shaked, MD, PhD

University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, shake{at}mail.med.upenn.edu

This article describes the interaction between the host immune system and the allograft. Histocompatibility antigens, in particular, the class I and II major histocompatibility antigens (MHC), distinguish self and non-self. Recipient T cells recognize MHC antigens displayed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells to trigger T cell activation and proliferation. CD4+Tcells, also known as helper Tcells, are the dominant phenotype in acute cellular allograft rejection. CD8+ T cells, known as cytotoxic T cells, are responsible for cell-directed cytotoxicity. Under the influence of selectins, integrins, and the immunoglobulin superfamily, recipient leukocytes migrate to the graft. Macrophages activated by CD4+ Tcells release cytotoxic cytokines that cause tissue destruction. The types of allograft rejection are hyperacute, acute cellular, and chronic ductopenic.

Key Words: liver transplantation • histocompatibility antigens • Th • CD4 T cells • CD8 T cells

References

  • 1. Delves PJ, Roitt IM. The immune system-the first of two parts. N Engl J Med 2000;343:37-49.[Free Full Text]The immune system—the second of two parts. N Engl J Med 2000;343:108-117.[Free Full Text]
  • 2. Sayegh MH, Turka LA. The role of T-cell co-stimulatory activation pathways in transplant rejection. N Eng J Med 1998;338(25):1813-1821.[Free Full Text]
  • 3. Wiesner RH, Batts KP, Krom RA. Evolving concepts in the diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment of chronic hepatic allograft rejection. Liver Trans Surg 1999;5:388-400.OpenURL
  • 4. Wiesner RH, Demetris AJ, Belle SH, Seaberg EC, Lake JR, Zetterman RK, et al. Acute hepatic allograft rejection: incidence, risk factors, and impact on outcome. Hepatology 1998;28:638-645.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]OpenURL

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This Article
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