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Galanin in Alzheimer Disease
Table 3.
Characteristics of GAL and GALR Mutant Micea
| Genotype | GAL/R expression (vs. WT) | Phenotypes related to cognition |
|---|---|---|
| a References in parentheses | ||
| GAL-tg (human dopamine β -hydroxylase promoter + murine preprogalanin) (25) | ∼5-fold increase in locus coeruleus via GAL RIA (25) | ∼60–70% decrease in ChAT-ir HDB neurons (25) |
| Increased fiber density in septum via GAL immunohistochemistry (25) | Impairment on Morris probe trial, olfactory recognition of familiar food, and trace cued fear conditioning (25) | |
| ∼4-fold increase in hippocampus and frontal cortex via GAL RIA(120) | Inhibition of perforant path/dentate gyrus LTP (18) | |
| GalOE (galanin + PDGF-B promoter(121) | ∼4–8-fold increase in hippocampus and cortex via GAL RIA (121) | Reduced frequency facilitation of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (a form of short-term synaptic plasticity) at mossy fiber–CA3 cell synapses; anticonvulsant effects of GAL during kindling (121) |
| GAL-KO (22) | GAL-deficient | ∼35% decrease in ChAT-ir MS/VDB neurons (22) |
| Decrease in ChAT-ir fibers in hippocampus (22) | ||
| Inhibition of scopolamine-induced ACh release in hippocampus (22) Impairment on Morris probe trial (22) | ||
| Inhibition of Schaffer collateral/ CA1 stratum oriens LTP (22) | ||
| Enhancement of perforant path/dentate gyrus LTP (18) | ||
| GALR-KO (134) | GALR1-deficient | Enhanced hippocampal excitability |
