The Biology of Caveolae: Lessons from Caveolin Knockout Mice and Implications for Human Disease

Effect of caveolin deficiency on the heart.Cav-1/Cav-3 double-knockout mice exhibit cardiac hypertrophy, as assessed by gated cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Representative short axis (transverse) images at the mid-level of the heart of wild-type (A) and double-knockout (B) animals are shown during diastole. Note the concentric hypertrophy of the left ventricle (LV) in the caveolin-deficient heart. (RV, right ventricle.)