| ORIGINAL ARTICLE |
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| Year : 2013 | Volume
: 19
| Issue : 2 | Page : 136-143 |
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Etiology and genetic factors in clefts of lip and/or palate reported at children's hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
Muhammad Yaqoob1, Farrukh Mahmood2, Ghazala Hanif3, Saima Mansoor Bugvi1, Muhammad Afzal Sheikh4
1 Department of Medical Genetics, The Children's Hospital and The Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan
2 Department of Paediatric Plastic Surgery, The Children's Hospital and The Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan
3 Department of Histopathology, The Children's Hospital and The Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan
4 Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Children's Hospital and The Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan
Correspondence Address:
Muhammad Yaqoob
Department of Medical Genetics, The Children's Hospital and the Institute of Child Health, Lahore
Pakistan
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | 8 |
DOI: 10.4103/0971-6866.116103
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The etiology of cleft lip (CL) and/or cleft palate (CP) has been extensively studied in industrialized countries and is suggested to be heterogeneous with increasing evidence that both genetic and environmental factors are operating. To evaluate this assertion in a developing country like Pakistan, a case finding cross-sectional study was completed from 1 st July 2010 to 31 st May 2011 for 100 cases of CL and/or CP referred to the Genetic Clinic of the Children's Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. A clinical examination followed by necessary diagnostic work-up was completed for each case. The cause of CL and/or CP was clear in 18% of the children ( n = 18). Environmental causes were found in 6 children (four mothers developed hyperthermia during the 2 nd month of gestation, one mother was diabetic, and one mother was a known case of epilepsy and took sodium valproate throughout her pregnancy). Six children were suffering from known genetic malformation syndromes (each with Jarcho-Levin syndrome, Oral-Facial-Digital syndrome type XI, Oral-Duplication syndrome, Kabuki syndrome, Fronto-nasal dysplasia and Nager syndrome). Novel chromosomal aberrations were identified in 2 children. In 82% of the children ( n = 82) the cause of oro-facial clefts remained unknown. Impact of gender and consanguinity on the development of CL and/or CP was also studied. Prevalence of CP was significantly more among female children as compared to that in males ( P < 0.05). Associated anomalies were present in 18% of the cases, anomalies of the craniofacial region being the most common. These findings were compared with regional and international studies. |
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