Figure 1: Cation exchange high performance liquid chromatography of case 1 (proband and parents). The patient's sample (a) demonstrates four prominent peaks: Hemoglobin (Hb) A, HbD Punjab, HbQ India, and the hybrid HbQ India/HbD Punjab eluting in HbC window (retention time 4.96 - 4.97 min). The parent's samples (b and c) demonstrate two prominent peaks of HbA and HbQ India and HbA and HbD Punjab, respectively