Taxon DOI
10.1601/tx.3091
Name
 Rahn 1984 emend. Adeolu et al. 2016
Taxonomic Rank
family
Methodology
Nomenclatural Taxonomy [1980-2022]
Incertae sedis taxa are placed using SOSCC (Garrity and Lilburn 2008)
Parent
Taxon RecordName Record
(Garrity and Holt 2001) Adeolu et al. 2016
Members
Castellani and Chalmers 1919 emend. Ørskov 1974 (Approved Lists 1980)
Shieh and Jean 1999
Gherna et al. 1991
Hata et al. 2016
(sic) Hosokawa et al. 2010
Verbarg et al. 2008
(sic) Sauer et al. 2000
Hauben et al. 1999 emend. Brady et al. 2014
Munson et al. 1991
Bouvet et al. 1985 emend. Lang et al. 2013
Ferragut et al. 1982
Aragão and Vianna 1913 emend. Dienst 1974 (Approved Lists 1980)
Grimont et al. 1981
Ee et al. 2016
Werkman and Gillen 1932 emend. Sakazaki 1974 (Approved Lists 1980)
Giammanco et al. 2011
Iversen et al. 2008 emend. Brady et al. 2013
corrig. Wier et al. 2004
Samson et al. 2005
Husnik and McCutcheon 2016
Ewing et al. 1965 emend. Sakazaki 1974 (Approved Lists 1980)
Patil et al. 2015
Hormaeche and Edwards 1960 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Brady et al. 2013
Lee et al. 2022
Winslow et al. 1920 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Hauben et al. 1998
Grimont et al. 1984
Stephan et al. 2014
Manzano-Marín et al. 2017
Brady et al. 2011 emend. Brady et al. 2014
Husnik and McCutcheon 2016
Møller 1954 emend. Sakazaki 1974 (Approved Lists 1980)
Husnik and McCutcheon 2016
Xu et al. 2020
Aizenberg-Gershtein et al. 2016 emend. Jiang et al. 2020
Trevisan 1885 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Ma et al. 2021
Farmer et al. 1981
Brady et al. 2013 emend. Gu et al. 2014
Hickman-Brenner et al. 1985
Tamura et al. 1987
Brady et al. 2013
Hickman-Brenner et al. 1985
Young et al. 1971 (Approved Lists 1980)
Baek et al. 2019 emend. Lee et al. 2021
Brady et al. 2012
Kölsch et al. 2009
Rameshkumar et al. 2010
Alnajar and Gupta 2017
Husnik and McCutcheon 2016
Hickman-Brenner et al. 1984
McCutcheon and von Dohlen 2011
Fulton 1943 (Approved Lists 1980)
Shimwell 1963 (Approved Lists 1980)
Gavini et al. 1989 emend. Brady et al. 2010
Waldee 1945 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Hauben et al. 1998
Halpern et al. 2013
(sic) Zreik et al. 1998
Boemare et al. 1993
Zhang et al. 2017 emend. Ma et al. 2020
corrig. Habs and Schubert 1962 emend. Schubert 1974 (Approved Lists 1980)
Brady et al. 2013
Aldová et al. 1988 emend. Lee et al. 2021
Hauser 1885 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Hyun et al. 2016
Ewing 1962 (Approved Lists 1980)
Wu et al. 2020
Alnajar and Gupta 2017
Kämpfer et al. 2014
Izard et al. 1981 emend. Jeon et al. 2021
Drancourt et al. 2001
Moran et al. 2005
Sasaki-Fukatsu et al. 2006
Halpern et al. 2013 emend. Lenaerts et al. 2014
Le Flèche-Matéos et al. 2015 emend. Lee et al. 2021
Yaping et al. 1990
Lignieres 1900 emend. Le Minor and Rohde 1974 (Approved Lists 1980)
Sutra et al. 2001
Marathe et al. 2020
Bizio 1823 emend. Sakazaki 1974 (Approved Lists 1980)
Castellani and Chalmers 1919 emend. Carpenter 1974 (Approved Lists 1980)
Priest and Barker 2010
Stephan et al. 2014
Dale and Maudlin 1999
(sic) Mazzon et al. 2008
Hollis et al. 1982 emend. Brady et al. 2010
Hu and Yang 2022
Lee et al. 2022
McWhorter et al. 1992
Szabó et al. 2017
Klein et al. 2016
Aksoy 1995
corrig. Moran et al. 2005
Thomas and Poinar 1979 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Akhurst 1983
van Loghem 1944 emend. Mollaret and Thal 1974 (Approved Lists 1980)
Kosako et al. 1985
Type Status
Taxonomy
The taxonomic placement of this family within the root Universal Root.
  Woese et al. 1990
  (None 2015) Woese et al. 1990
  (sic) Garrity et al. 2021
  Garrity et al. 2005 emend. Williams and Kelly 2013
  (Garrity and Holt 2001) Adeolu et al. 2016
  Rahn 1984 emend. Adeolu et al. 2016

The taxonomy from the rank of class and below is based upon currently published taxonomic opinion. For a complete taxonomy, refer to The Taxonomic Outline of Bacteria and Archaea, Release 7.7.
Citation
When referring to this Abstract, please use its Digital Object Identifier.
Taxon Abstract for the family Enterobacteriaceae Rahn 1984 emend. Adeolu et al. 2016. Retrieved . https://doi.org/10.1601/tx.3091.
Source File
This information was last reviewed on April 29, 2022.

References

  1. Aksoy S. Wigglesworthia gen. nov. and Wigglesworthia glossinidia sp. nov., taxa consisting of the mycetocyte-associated, primary endosymbionts of tsetse flies. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1995; 45:848-851. https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-45-4-848 [PubMed].
  2. Young VM, Kenton DM, Hobbs BJ, Moody MR. Levinea, a new genus of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1971; 21:58-63. https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-21-1-58.
  3. Munson MA, Baumann P, Kinsey MG. Buchnera gen. nov. and Buchnera aphidicola sp. nov., a taxon consisting of the mycetocyte-associated, primary endosymbionts of aphids. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1991; 41:566-568. https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-41-4-566.
  4. Wier AM, Dolan MF, Margulis L. Cortical Symbionts and Hydrogenosomes of the Amitochondriate Protist Staurojoenina assimilis. Symbiosis 2004; 36:153-168.
  5. Baek C, Shin S-K, Yi H. Limnobaculum parvum gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a freshwater lake. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2019; 69:1826-1830. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.003401 [PubMed].
  6. Klein A, Schrader L, Gil R, Manzano-Marín A, Flórez L, Wheeler D, Werren JH, Latorre A, Heinze J, Kaltenpoth M, Moya A, Oettler J. A novel intracellular mutualistic bacterium in the invasive ant Cardiocondyla obscurior. ISME J 2016; 10:376-388. https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2015.119 [PubMed].
  7. Hollis DG, Hickman FW, Fanning GR, Farmer JJ, Weaver RE, Brenner DJ. Tatumella ptyseos gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae found in clinical specimens. J Clin Microbiol 1981; 14:79-88. [PubMed].
  8. Sutra L, Christen R, Bollet C, Simoneau P, Gardan L. Samsonia erythrinae gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from bark necrotic lesions of Erythrina sp., and discrimination of plant-pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae by phenotypic features. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2001; 51:1291-1304. https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-51-4-1291 [PubMed].
  9. Hickman-Brenner FW, Huntley-Carter GP, Saitoh Y, Steigerwalt AG, Farmer JJ, Brenner DJ. Moellerella wisconsensis, a new genus and species of Enterobacteriaceae found in human stool specimens. J Clin Microbiol 1984; 19:460-463. [PubMed].
  10. Brady CL, Cleenwerck I, Denman S, Venter SN, Rodríguez-Palenzuela P, Coutinho TA, De Vos P. Proposal to reclassify Brenneria quercina (Hildebrand and Schroth 1967) Hauben et al. 1999 into a new genus, Lonsdalea gen. nov., as Lonsdalea quercina comb. nov., descriptions of Lonsdalea quercina subsp. quercina comb. nov., Lonsdalea quercina subsp. iberica subsp. nov. and Lonsdalea quercina subsp. britannica subsp. nov., emendation of the description of the genus Brenneria, reclassification of Dickeya dieffenbachiae as Dickeya dadantii subsp. dieffenbachiae comb. nov., and emendation of the description of Dickeya dadantii. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2012; 62:1592-1602. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.035055-0 [PubMed].
  11. Hickman-Brenner FW, Huntley-Carter GP, Fanning GR, Brenner DJ, Farmer JJ. Koserella trabulsii, a new genus and species of Enterobacteriaceae formerly known as Enteric Group 45. J Clin Microbiol 1985; 21:39-42. [PubMed].
  12. Lautrop H. Genus X. Proteus Mauser 1885, 12. In: Buchanan RE, Gibbons NE (eds), Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, Eighth Edition, The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 1974, p. 327-330.
  13. Boemare NE, Akhurst RJ, Mourant RG. DNA relatedness between Xenorhabdus spp. (Enterobacteriaceae), symbiotic bacteria of entomopathogenic nematodes, and a proposal to transfer Xenorhabdus luminescens to a new genus, Photorhabdus gen. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1993; 43:249-255. https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-43-2-249.
  14. Farmer JJ, Brenner DJ. Family I. Enterobacteriaceae. In: Garrity GM, Brenner DJ, Krieg NR, Staley JT (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Second Edition, Volume 2, Part B, Springer, New York, 2005, p. 587.
  15. Izard D, Gavini F, Trinel PA, Leclerc H. Rahnella aquatilis, nouveau membre de la famille des Enterobacteriaceae. Ann Microbiol (Paris) 1979; 130 A:163-177.
  16. Alnajar S, Gupta RS. Phylogenomics and comparative genomic studies delineate six main clades within the family Enterobacteriaceae and support the reclassification of several polyphyletic members of the family. Infect Genet Evol 2017; 54:108-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2017.06.024 [PubMed].
  17. Adeolu M, Alnajar S, Naushad S, Gupta RS. Genome based phylogeny and taxonomy of the "Enterobacteriales": proposal for Enterobacterales ord. nov. divided into the families Enterobacteriaceae, Erwiniaceae fam. nov., Pectobacteriaceae fam. nov., Yersiniaceae fam. nov., Hafniaceae fam. nov., Morganellaceae fam. nov., and Budviciaceae fam. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 66:5575-5599. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.001485 [PubMed].
  18. Gherna RL, Werren JH, Weisburg W, Cote R, Woese CR, Mandelco L, Brenner DJ. Arsenophonus nasoniae gen. nov., sp. nov., the causative agent of the son-killer trait in the parasitic wasp Nasonia vitripennis. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1991; 41:563-565. https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-41-4-563.
  19. Samson R, Legendre JB, Christen R, Fischer-Le Saux M, Achouak W, Gardan L. Transfer of Pectobacterium chrysanthemi (Burkholder et al. 1953) Brenner et al. 1973 and Brenneria paradisiaca to the genus Dickeya gen. nov. as Dickeya chrysanthemi comb. nov. and Dickeya paradisiaca comb. nov. and delineation of four novel species, Dickeya dadantii sp. nov., Dickeya dianthicola sp. nov., Dickeya dieffenbachiae sp. nov. and Dickeya zeae sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2005; 55:1415-1427. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.02791-0 [PubMed].
  20. Szabó G, Schulz F, Toenshoff ER, Volland J-M, Finkel OM, Belkin S, Horn M. Convergent patterns in the evolution of mealybug symbioses involving different intrabacterial symbionts. ISME J 2017; 11:715-726. https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2016.148 [PubMed].
  21. Lelliott RA. Genus XII. Erwinia Winslow, Broadhurst, Buchanan, Krumwiede, Rogers and Smith 1920, 209. In: Buchanan RE, Gibbons NE (eds), Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, Eighth Edition, The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 1974, p. 332-340.
  22. Manzano-Marín A, Szabó G, Simon J-C, Horn M, Latorre A. Happens in the best of subfamilies: establishment and repeated replacements of co-obligate secondary endosymbionts within Lachninae aphids. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:393-408. https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.13633 [PubMed].
  23. Moran NA, Russell JA, Koga R, Fukatsu T. Evolutionary relationships of three new species of Enterobacteriaceae living as symbionts of aphids and other insects. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71:3302-10. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.6.3302-3310.2005 [PubMed].
  24. Lee SD, Kim S-M, Byeon Y-S, Yang HL, Chang SH, Kim IS. Tenebrionicola larvae gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from larvae of mealworm Tenebrio molitor L., and a proposal to transfer Erwinia teleogrylli Liu et al. 2016 to a new genus Entomohabitans as Entomohabitans teleogrylli comb. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72:. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.005329 [PubMed].
  25. Kölsch G, Matz-Grund C, Pedersen BV. Ultrastructural and molecular characterization of endosymbionts of the reed beetle genus Macroplea (Chrysomelidae, Donaciinae), and proposal of "Candidatus Macropleicola appendiculatae" and "Candidatus Macropleicola muticae". Can J Microbiol 2009; 55:1250-1260. https://doi.org/10.1139/w09-085 [PubMed].
  26. Mollaret HH, Thal E. Genus XI. Yersinia van Loghem 1944, 15. In: Buchanan RE, Gibbons NE (eds), Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, Eighth Edition, The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 1974, p. 330-332.
  27. Garrity GM, Holt JG. Taxonomic Outline of the Archaea and Bacteria. In: Garrity GM, Boone DR, Castenholz RW (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Second Edition, Volume 1, Springer, New York, 2001, p. 155-166.
  28. Akhurst RJ. Taxonomic study of Xenorhabdus, a genus of bacteria symbiotically associated with insect pathogenic nematodes. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1983; 33:38-45. https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-33-1-38.
  29. Hickman-Brenner FW, Vohra MP, Huntley-Carter GP, Fanning GR, Lowery VA, Brenner DJ, Farmer JJ. Leminorella, a new genus of Enterobacteriaceae: identification of Leminorella grimontii sp. nov. and Leminorella richardii sp. nov. found in clinical specimens. J Clin Microbiol 1985; 21:234-239. [PubMed].
  30. Sasaki-Fukatsu K, Koga R, Nikoh N, Yoshizawa K, Kasai S, Mihara M, Kobayashi M, Tomita T, Fukatsu T. Symbiotic bacteria associated with stomach discs of human lice. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 72:7349-52. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01429-06 [PubMed].
  31. Aldová E, Hausner O, Brenner DJ, Kocmoud Z, Schindler J, Potuzníková B, Petrás S. Pragia fontium gen. nov., sp. nov. of the family Enterobacteriaceae, isolated from water. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1988; 38:183-189. https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-38-2-183.
  32. Grimont PAD, Farmer JJ, Grimont T, Asbury MA, Brenner DJ, Deval C. Ewingella americana gen. nov. sp. nov., a new Enterobacteriaceae isolated from clinical specimens. Ann Microbiol (Paris) 1983; 134 A:39-52.
  33. Blatt CA, Tortorello M-L. Enterobacteriaceae, Coliforms and E. Coli., Introduction. In: Batt CA, Tortorello M-L (eds), Encyclopedia of Food Microbiology, Second Edition, Volume 1, Elsevier Ltd, Ithaca, NY, 1999, p. 660.
  34. Zhang GX, Peng GX, Wang ET, Yan H, Yuan QH, Zhang W, Lou X, Wu H, Tan ZY. Diverse endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolated from wild rice Oryza rufipogon and description of Phytobacter diazotrophicus gen. nov. sp. nov. Arch Microbiol 2008; 189:431-438. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-007-0333-7 [PubMed].
  35. Le Flèche-Matéos A, Levast M, Lomprez F, Arnoux Y, Andonian C, Perraud M, Vincent V, Gouilh MA, Thiberge J-M, Vandenbogaert M, Diancourt L, Caro V, Burguière AM, Manuguerra J-C. Rouxiella chamberiensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae isolated from parenteral nutrition bags. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2015; 65:1812-1818. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.000179 [PubMed].
  36. Møller V. Distribution of amino acid decarboxylases in Enterobacteriaceae. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 1954; 35:259-277. [PubMed].
  37. Sakazaki R. Genus II. Edwardsiella Ewing and McWhorter 1965, 37. In: Buchanan RE, Gibbons NE (eds), Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, Eighth Edition, The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 1974, p. 296-296.
  38. Garrity GM, Holt JG. The Road Map to the Manual. In: Garrity GM, Boone DR, Castenholz RW (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Second Edition, Volume 1, Springer, New York, 2001, p. 119-169.
  39. Wu W, Feng Y, Zong Z. Precise Species Identification for Enterobacter: a Genome Sequence-Based Study with Reporting of Two Novel Species, Enterobacter quasiroggenkampii sp. nov. and Enterobacter quasimori sp. nov. mSystems 2020; 5:. https://doi.org/10.1128/mSystems.00527-20 [PubMed].
  40. Hosokawa T, Kikuchi Y, Nikoh N, Meng X-Y, Hironaka M, Fukatsu T. Phylogenetic position and peculiar genetic traits of a midgut bacterial symbiont of the stinkbug Parastrachia japonensis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:4130-5. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00616-10 [PubMed].
  41. Marathe NP, Salvà-Serra F, Karlsson R, Larsson DGJ, Moore ERB, Svensson-Stadler L, Jakobsson HE. Scandinavium goeteborgense gen. nov., sp. nov., a New Member of the Family Enterobacteriaceae Isolated From a Wound Infection, Carries a Novel Quinolone Resistance Gene Variant. Front. Microbio. 2019; 10:2511-2511. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02511 [PubMed].
  42. Gavini F, Mergaert J, Beji A, Mielcarek C, Izard D, Kersters K, De Ley J. Transfer of Enterobacter agglomerans (Beijerinck 1888) Ewing and Fife 1972 to Pantoea gen. nov. as Pantoea agglomerans comb. nov. and description of Pantoea dispersa sp. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1989; 39:337-345. https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-39-3-337.
  43. Hauben L, Moore ERB, Vauterin L, Steenackers M, Mergaert J, Verdonck L, Swings J. Phylogenetic position of phytopathogens within the Enterobacteriaceae. Syst Appl Microbiol 1998; 21:384-397. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0723-2020(98)80048-9 [PubMed].
  44. Hu L, Yang Y. Tenebrionibacter intestinalis gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of a novel genus of the family Enterobacteriaceae, isolated from the gut of the plastic-eating mealworm Tenebrio molitor L. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72:. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.005246 [PubMed].
  45. Aizenberg-Gershtein Y, Laviad S, Samuni-Blank M, Halpern M. Izhakiella capsodis gen. nov., sp. nov., in the family Enterobacteriaceae, isolated from the mirid bug Capsodes infuscatus. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 66:1364-1370. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.000886 [PubMed].
  46. Ee R, Madhaiyan M, Ji L, Lim Y-L, Nor NM, Tee K-K, Chen J-W, Yin W-F. Chania multitudinisentens gen. nov., sp. nov., a N-acyl-homoserine lactone-producing bacterium in the family of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from a former municipal landfill site soil. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 66:2297-2304. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.001025 [PubMed].
  47. Mazzon L, Piscedda A, Simonata M, Martinez-Sañudo I, Squartini A, Girolami V. Presence of specific symbiotic bacteria in flies of the subfamily Tephritinae (Diptera Tephritidae) and their phylogenetic relationships: proposal of 'Candidatus Stammerula tephritidis'. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2008; 58:1277-1287. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.65287-0 [PubMed].
  48. McCutcheon JP, von Dohlen CD. An interdependent metabolic patchwork in the nested symbiosis of mealybugs. Curr Biol 2011; 21:1366-1372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2011.06.051 [PubMed].
  49. Husnik F, McCutcheon JP. Repeated replacement of an intrabacterial symbiont in the tripartite nested mealybug symbiosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E5416-E5424. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1603910113 [PubMed].
  50. Dale C, Maudlin I. Sodalis gen. nov. and Sodalis glossinidius sp. nov., a microaerophilic secondary endosymbiont of the tsetse fly Glossina morsitans morsitans. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1999; 49:267-275. https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-49-1-267 [PubMed].
  51. Giammanco GM, Grimont PAD, Grimont F, Lefevre M, Giammanco G, Pignato S. Phylogenetic analysis of the genera Proteus, Morganella and Providencia by comparison of rpoB gene sequences of type and clinical strains suggests the reclassification of Proteus myxofaciens in a new genus, Cosenzaea gen. nov., as Cosenzaea myxofaciens comb. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2011; 61:1638-1644. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.021964-0 [PubMed].
  52. Xu Z, Xia M, Huo Y-X, Yang Y. Intestinirhabdus alba gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel genus of the family Enterobacteriaceae, isolated from the gut of plastic-eating larvae of the Coleoptera insect Zophobas atratus. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:4951-4959. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.004364 [PubMed].
  53. Bouvet OMM, Grimont PAD, Richard C, Aldora E, Hauser O, Gabrhelova M. Budvicia aquatica gen. nov. sp. nov.: a hydrogen sulphide-producing member of the Enterobacteriaceae. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1985; 35:60-64. https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-35-1-60.
  54. Halpern M, Fridman S, Aizenberg-Gershtein Y, Izhaki I. Transfer of Pseudomonas flectens Johnson 1956 to Phaseolibacter gen. nov., in the family Enterobacteriaceae, as Phaseolibacter flectens gen. nov., comb. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2013; 63:268-273. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.033654-0 [PubMed].
  55. Sakazaki R. Genus IX. Serratia Bizio 1823, 288. In: Buchanan RE, Gibbons NE (eds), Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, Eighth Edition, The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 1974, p. 326-326.