`I Call Myself a Mature Student. That One Word Makes All the Difference': Reflections on Adult Learners' Experiences

Richard Waller (University of the West of England, Bristol, UK, richard.waller at uwe.ac.uk)


DOI: 10.1191/0967550705ab023oa

Abstract

This article discusses findings from a longitudinal study of 20 mature students from a broad range of backgrounds that joined a full-time Access to University programme at an English urban FE college in September 2001. The fieldwork involved repeated interviews — up to five times each — over a two-year period, covering the Access course and first year at university for those progressing as intended (13 of the 20). The interviews explored the impact of returning to study on the lives and biographies of those involved, particularly changing personal relationships, negotiations of risk and the (re)construction of class and learner identities. I seek here to highlight the social context of the interviewees' lives, and to draw heavily upon their stories and self-representations to ground the theories underpinning the analysis offered.

References

  1. Archer, L., Hutchings, M., Ross, A. Archer, L. 2003. The `value' of education pp. 119-36. London : RoutledgeFalmer.
  2. Archer, L., Hutchings, M., Ross, A. 2003. Higher education and social class: issues of exclusion and inclusion. London: RoutledgeFalmer.
  3. Avis, J. 1997. What's this got to do with what I do!' Contradictory views: students in further education. Journal of Vocational Education and Training vol. 49 pp. 81-106.
  4. Ball, S., Bowe, R., Gerwirtz, S. 1996. School choice, social class and distinction: the realisation of social advantage in education. Journal of Educational Policy vol. 11 pp. 89-112.
  5. Ball, S., Maguire, M., Macrae, S. 2000. Choice, pathways and transitions post-16: new youth, new economies in the global city. London: RoutledgeFalmer.
  6. Ball, S., Vincent, C. 1998. `I heard it on the grapevine': `hot' knowledge and school choice. British Journal of Sociology of Education vol. 19 pp. 377-400.
  7. Bamber, J., Tett, L., Hosie, E., Ducklin, A. 1997. Resistance and determination: working class adults in higher education. Research in post-compulsory education vol. 2 pp. 17-29.
  8. Hatch, J., Wisniewski, R. Barone, T. 1995. Persuasive writings, vigilant readings and reconstructed characters: the paradox of trust in educational storysharing pp. 63-74. London: Falmer.
  9. Bauman, Z. 2004. Identity: conversations with Benedetto Vecchi. Oxford: Polity.
  10. Hodkinson, P., Sparkes, A., Hodkinson, H. Baumgardner, S. 1996. Vocational planning: the great swindle. London: David Fulton.
  11. ——— Hodkinson, P., Sparkes, A., Hodkinson, H. 1996. Coping with disillusionment, abstract images and uncertainty in career decision making. London: David Fulton.
  12. Baxter, A., Britton, C. 2001. Risk, identity and change: becoming a mature student. International Studies in Sociology of Education vol. 11 pp. 87-102.
  13. Beck, U. 1992. Risk society: towards a new modernity. London: Sage.
  14. Beck, U., Beck-Gernsheim, E. 2002. Individualization. London: Sage.
  15. Bertaux, D. Bertaux, D. 1981. From the life-history approach to the transformation of sociological practice. London: Sage.
  16. Betts, S. 1999. From Access through HE: a gendered journey. Journal of Access and Credit Studies vol. 1 pp. 124-36.
  17. Bhabha, H. 1994. The location of culture. London : Routledge.
  18. Bloomer, M., Hodkinson, P. 2000. Learning careers: continuity and change in young people's dispositions to learning. British Educational Research Journal vol. 26 pp. 578-97.
  19. Egglestone, J. Bourdieu, P. 1974. The school as a conservative force: scholastic and cultural inequalities. London: Methuen.
  20. ——— Karabel, J., Halsey, A. 1977. Cultural reproduction and social reproduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  21. ——— 1984. Distinction: a social critique of the judgement of taste. Harvard, MA: Harvard University Press.
  22. Bowl, M. 2003. Non-traditional entrants to higher education: `they talk about people like me'. Stoke-On-. TrentTrentham Books.
  23. Bowles, S., Gintis, H. 1976. Schooling in capitalist America: educational reform and the contradictions of economic life. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
  24. Brine, J., Waller, R. 2004. Working class women on an access course: risk, opportunity and (re)constructing identities. Gender and Education vol. 16 pp. 97-113.
  25. Britton, C., Baxter, A. 1994. Mature students' routes into higher education. Journal of Access Studies vol. 9 pp. 215-29.
  26. Burke, P. 2002. Accessing education: effectively widening participation. Stoke-On-. TrentTrentham.
  27. Chappell, C., Rhodes, C., Solomon, N., Tennant, M., Yates, L. 2003. Reconstructing the lifelong learner: pedagogy and identity in individual, organisational and social change. London : RoutledgeFalmer.
  28. Charlesworth, S. 2000. A phenomenology of working class experience. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.
  29. Crossan, B., Field, J., Gallagher, J., Merrill, B. 2003. Understanding participation in learning for non-traditional adult learners: learning careers and the construction of learning identities. British Journal of Sociology of Education vol. 24 pp. 55-67.
  30. Davis, P., Williams, J. 2001. For me or not for me? Fragility and risk in mature students' decision-making. Higher Education Quarterly vol. 55 pp. 185-203.
  31. Dearing, R. 1997. Higher education in the learning society: the report of the national committee of enquiry into higher education (The Dearing Report). London: The Stationery Office.
  32. Department for Education and Skills (DfES) 2002. The learning age: a new renaissance for a new Britain. London: DfES.
  33. Erben, M. 1998. Biography and education: a reader. London: Falmer.
  34. Furlong, A., Cartmel, F. 1997. Young people and social change: individualization and risk in late modernity. Milton KeynesOpen University Press.
  35. Giddens, A. 1991. Modernity and self-identity: self and society in the late modern age. Oxford: Polity.
  36. Gordon, T., Lahelma, E. 2003. From ethnography to life history: tracing transitions of school students. International Journal of Social Research Methodology vol. 63 pp. 245-54.
  37. Williams, J. Green, P., Webb, S. 1997. Student voices: alternative routes, alternative identities pp. 130-52. Society for Research into Higher EducationOpen University Press.
  38. Hall, S., Held, D., Grew, T. Hall, S. 1992. Introduction: identity in question pp. 1-11. Oxford: Polity.
  39. ——— Hall, S., du Gay, P. 1996. Introduction: who needs identity pp. 1-17. London: Sage.
  40. Hatch, J., Wisniewski, R. 1995. Life history and narrative. London: Falmer.
  41. Her Majesty's Stationery Office (HMSO) 2004. Higher Education Bill. London: HMSO.
  42. Hodkinson, P., Sparkes, A., Hodkinson, H. 1996. Triumphs and tears: young people, markets and the transition from school to work. London: David Fulton.
  43. Hoggart, R. 1958. The uses of literacy. HarmondsworthPelican.
  44. Jackson, B., Marsden, D. 1962. Education and the working class. London : Routledge and Kegan Paul.
  45. James, D. 1995. Mature studentship in higher education: beyond a `species' approach. British Journal of Sociology of Education vol. 16 pp. 451-66.
  46. Beck, U., Giddens, A., Lash, S. Lash, S. 1994. Reflexivity and its doubles: structure, aesthetics, community pp. 110-73. Oxford: Polity.
  47. Lawler, S. 1999. `Getting out and getting away': women's narratives of class mobility. Feminist Review vol. 63 pp. 3-24.
  48. McFadden, M. 1995. `Second chance' education: settling old scores. Journal of Access Studies vol. 10 pp. 40-59.
  49. Mahony, P., Zmroczek, C. 1997. Class matters: `working-class' women's perspectives on social class. London: Taylor & Francis.
  50. Hodkinson, P., Sparkes, A., Hodkinson, H. Miller, M. 1996. The role of happenstance in career choice. London: David Fulton.
  51. National Institute of Adult Continuing Education (England and Wales) (NIACE) 1993. An adult education: a vision. Leicester: NIACE.
  52. Parry, G. 1996. Access education in England and Wales 1973—1994: from second chance to third wave. Journal of Access Studies vol. 11 pp. 10-33.
  53. Peters, H. 1997. An exploration of a group of mature students' perceptions of and approaches to writing at university, carried out on a twelve week pre-entry course. Journal of Access Studies vol. 12 pp. 198-211.
  54. Reay, D. 2003. A risky business? Mature working class women students and Access to higher education. Gender and Education vol. 15 pp. 301-17.
  55. Reay, D., Ball, S., David, M. 2002. `It's taking me a long time but I'll get there in the end': mature students on access courses and higher education choice'. British Educational Research Journal vol. 28 pp. 5-20.
  56. Roberts, K. 1994. Flexibility and individualisation: a comparison of transitions into employment in England and Germany. Sociology vol. 28 pp. 31-54.
  57. Archer, L., Hutchings, M., Ross, A. Ross, A. 2003. Access to higher education: inclusion for the masses? pp. 45-74. London: RoutledgeFalmer.
  58. Shah, M. 1994. Kaleidoscopic people: locating the `subject' of pedagogic discourse. Journal of Access Studies vol. 9 pp. 257-70.
  59. Satterthwaite, J., Atkinson, E., Martin, W. Sinfield, S., Burns, T., Holley, D. 2004. Outsiders looking in or insiders looking out? Widening participation in a post-1992 university pp. 137-52. Stoke on TrentTrentham.
  60. Skeggs, B. 1997. Formations of class and gender. London : Sage.
  61. Sparkes, A. 2002. Telling tales in sport and physical activity: a qualitative journey. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  62. Rose, A.M. Strauss, A. 1962. Transformations of identity. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
  63. Stuart, M. 2002. Collaborating for change? Managing widening participation in further and higher education. Leicester: NIACE.
  64. Tett, L. 2000. `I'm working class and proud of it' — Gendered experiences of non-traditional participants in higher education. Gender and Education vol. 12 pp. 183-94.
  65. Wakeford, N. 1994. Becoming a mature student: the social risks of identification. The Journal of Access Studies vol. 9 pp. 241-56.
  66. Waller, R. 2002. Everybody gets one or two chances in life, this is my second': risk and the construction of mature students' biographies. Auto/Biography vol. X pp. 77-84.
  67. ——— 2004. `I really hated school and couldn't wait to get out!': reflections on `a wasted opportunity', and subsequent desire to `put things right' amongst Access to HE students. Journal of Access Policy and Practice vol. 2 pp. 24-43.
  68. Warmington, P. 2002. The complexity of disaffection: mature returners and the narrative tensions of inclusion, hierarchy and access. Journal of Access and Credit Studies vol. 4 pp. 5-19.
  69. ——— 2002. Studenthood as surrogate occupation: access to higher education students' discursive production of commitment, maturity and peer support. Journal of Vocational Education and Training vol. 54 pp. 583-600.
  70. West, L. 1996. Beyond fragments: adults, motivation and higher education; a biographical analysis. London: Taylor & Francis.
  71. Woodley, A., Wagner, L., Slowley, M., Hamilton, M., Fulton, O. 1987. Choosing to learn: a study of adults in education. Milton KeynesOpen University Press.
  72. Woodward, K. Woodward, K. 1997. Introduction pp. 1-6. London: Sage/Open University Press.

Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 United States License.