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ORIGINAL ARTICLE |
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Year : 2016 | Volume
: 4
| Issue : 2 | Page : 118-120 |
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Dermatoglyphic patterns of myocardial patients in Southern Nigerian population
Emeka A Osunwoke, A N. E Nene
Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
Date of Web Publication | 18-Apr-2017 |
Correspondence Address: Emeka A Osunwoke Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt,
Choba Nigeria
Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/2315-7992.204685
Introduction: Dermatoglyphics has been well established as a diagnostic aid in a number of diseases having hereditary basis. The aim of this study is to determine if dermatoglyphic patterns can be used to identify myocardial patients in Southern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A total number of 130 patients comprising 85 patients with hypertension (44 males and 41 females) 45 patients with diabetes (21 males and 24 females) were recruited for this study. All patients were selected from the general outpatient departments of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital and Braithwaite Memorial Specialist Hospital. The parameters studied were the A-B ridge count and ATD and DAT angles on the palms. Results: Results revealed that for patients with hypertension, the mean A-B ridge counts, ATD angle, and DAT angle of the left hand in males were 25.92 ± 0.52, 43.56 ± 0.81°, and 63.89 ± 1.00°, respectively, while in females, they were 25.12 ± 0.49, 39.82 ± 0.91°, and 61.20 ± 1.06°, respectively. In the right hand, the mean A-B ridge count, ATD angle, and DAT angle were 26.39 ± 0.56, 42.13 ± 0.96°, and 62.06 ± 0.89°, respectively, in males while the females had 24.29 ± 0.51, 39.85 ± 0.62°, and 64.32 ± 0.81°, respectively. The mean A-B ridge count, ATD angle, and DAT angle of the left hand in male diabetics were 26.75 ± 0.76, 41.81 ± 1.21°, and 62.69 ± 1.15°, respectively, while in female diabetics, they were 25.43 ± 0.90, 42.74 ± 1.27°, and 61.64 ± 1.42°, respectively. There was no significant difference observed in all three parameters. The mean value for A-B ridge count, ATD angle, and DAT angle in the right hand of male diabetics was 26.63 ± 0.64, 41.88 ± 1.30°, and 62.19 ± 0.89°, respectively, while in female diabetics, it was 24.71 ± 0.99, 42.00 ± 1.13°, and 60.79 ± 1.16°, respectively. There was no significant difference observed in both sexes. Conclusion: The results obtained from this study would serve as an important aid in early diagnosis and etiology of myocardial disease.
Keywords: Dermatoglyphics, myocardial patients, Southern Nigeria
How to cite this article: Osunwoke EA, Nene A N. Dermatoglyphic patterns of myocardial patients in Southern Nigerian population. Ann Bioanthropol 2016;4:118-20 |
Introduction | | |
The study of dermatoglyphics has shown that fingerprints are formed by skin ridges, the distribution of which is unique to each and that the prints present on the palmar and plantar are formed early in the fetal development between 4 and 5 months.[1] The fingerprint patterns (whorls loop and arch) are genetically determined and are different for each person.[2] Further, it is worthy of note that in medicine and genetics, dermatoglyphics is a very useful tool in diagnosing congenital heart disease, leukemia, cancer, rubella embryopathy, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, as well as other forms of mental illness.[3],[4],[5]
Epidermal ridges form well-defined patterns that characterize individuals and they have been found useful in the clinical diagnosis of hereditary diseases. They form early in the fetal development, and they remain unchanged throughout life and hence could be used to indicate gene or chromosomal abnormalities.[6] Reports are also available on the correlation of dermatoglyphics in diabetes mellitus and idiopathic (primary)-dilated cardiomyopathy.[7],[8] Digital dermatoglyphics may play an important role in identifying women either with or at risk of breast cancer.[9] Factors affecting early fetal development may increase the risk of psychotic disorder and differential exposure to such early risk factor may contribute to twin discordance for psychotic disorder.[10] Digital patterns, whorls, and ulnar and radial loops are important features for identification and forensic investigation of ethnic groups.[11] According to a study conducted by Takashina and Yorifuji [12] in the Japanese and American subjects, the occurrence of distal triradius in congenital heart diseases was 64% as against 16% in acquired heart disease. In another study of the dermatoglyphic patterns of prostate cancer patients as a useful tool in early diagnosis of the disease, it was discovered that there was an abnormality in A-B and B-C ridge counts which could be a characteristic dermatoglyphic pattern of these patients.[13]
This study is aimed at determining if dermatoglyphic patterns can be used to identify myocardial patients in Southern Nigeria.
Materials and Methods | | |
A total of 130 patients comprising 85 patients with hypertension (44 males and 41 females) and 45 patients with diabetes (21 males and 24 females) from the general outpatient department of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital and Braithwaite Memorial Specialist Hospital were recruited for this study.
After informed consent was obtained, the palm of the subject was cleaned with a cotton wool soaked in methylated spirit, washed with soap, and then dried with a hand towel. Thereafter, the palmar prints were obtained by placing the entire surface of the palm on the ink pad and then making the prints on a white duplicating paper after applying a little pressure so as to ensure a good palmar print. The palm was then cleaned with cotton soaked in methylated spirit, washed in water, and dried with a hand towel. A magnifying hand lens was used to magnify the ridges of the prints for easy identification. A protractor was used to measure the angle of the palm. After collecting the prints, the following parameters considered were A-B ridge count, ATD angle, and DAT angle.
Data were analyzed using SPSS 19.0 version (IBM). Z-test and analysis of variance were carried out using this software.
Results | | |
The results of this study are presented in [Table 1]. [Table 1] shows the ridge count, ATD angle, and DAT angle of subjects with hypertension and those with diabetes. In their right hand, the mean A-B ridge count, ATD angle, and DAT angle were 26.39, 42.13°, and 62.06°, respectively, in males while the females had 24.29, 39.85°, and 64.32°, respectively. The mean A-B ridge counts, ATD angle, and DAT angle of the left hand in males were 25.92, 43.56°, and 63.89°, respectively, while in females, they were 25.12, 39.82°, and 61.20°, respectively. The mean value for A-B ridge count, ATD angle, and DAT angle in the right hand of male diabetics was 26.63 ± 0.64, 41.88 ± 1.30°, and 62.19 ± 0.89°, respectively, while in female diabetics, it was 24.71 ± 0.99, 42.00 ± 1.13°, and 60.79 ± 1.16°, respectively. There was no significant difference observed in both sexes. The mean A-B ridge count, ATD angle, and DAT angle of the left hand in male diabetics were 26.75 ± 0.76, 41.81 ± 1.21°, and 62.69 ± 1.15°, respectively, while in female diabetics, they were 25.43 ± 0.90, 42.74 ± 1.27°, and 61.64 ± 1.42°, respectively. There was no significant difference observed in all three parameters. | Table 1: Mean ridge count, ATD angle, and DAT angle of subjects with hypertension and those with diabetes
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Discussion | | |
Dermatoglyphics has been described as a useful tool in medicine and genetics in diagnosis of congenital, other forms of diseases and establishing and confirming historical relationships between populations.[3],[14]
This study has documented the dermatoglyphic patterns of myocardial patients in the southern part of Nigeria. The A-B ridge count in the right hand of male subjects with hypertension and those with diabetes showed no significant difference as observed in this study. The same was observed in the females. This is in concordance with a study by Ziegler et al.[15] on type 1 diabetes patients and Arrieta et al.[16] on autistic children. However, the values obtained in this study were lower than that obtained by Oladipo et al.[13] which was 35.80 and 38.00 in the right and left hands of prostate cancer patients, respectively; Sridevi et al.[17] which was 36.76 and 35.18 in the right and left hands, respectively, of Indian women with breast cancer; and Pallotta et al.[18] on patients with neurofibromatosis. The mean values for ATD angle obtained in this study for both the right and left hands of the males were higher than that obtained for the females. Both hands showed no significant difference. This is in line with the study conducted by some researchers, in which they found an increase in the ATD angle in patients with hypertension and diabetes, juvenile hypertension patients, autistic children, and children suffering from constitutional exogenous adiposity [16,19-21] but not in agreement with the work by Oladipo et al.,[22] in which they obtained lower values 38.87 ± 1.30 and 39.13 ± 1.70 in the right and left palms of male polydactyl patients and 47.20 ± 4.13 and 47.80 ± 3.80 in female polydactyl patients, respectively, on patients with multiple sclerosis and patients with bruxism.[23],[24] The DAT angles obtained in this study were higher than that obtained by Bala et al.[19] and in line with that obtained for mentally retarded subjects indicating that the patients had an increased DAT angle.[25]
Conclusion | | |
The study of dermatoglyphic patterns is a useful tool in early diagnosis of certain illness. It is cost-effective and can be used in the prevention of complications in medical conditions such as myocardial diseases.
Financial support and sponsorship
Nil.
Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.
References | | |
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[Table 1]
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