Users Online: 9
Home
About us
Editorial board
Search
Ahead of print
Current issue
Archives
Submit article
Instructions
Subscribe
Contacts
Login
Export selected to
Endnote
Reference Manager
Procite
Medlars Format
RefWorks Format
BibTex Format
Table of Contents
July-December 2014
Volume 2 | Issue 2
Page Nos. 39-68
Online since Friday, July 3, 2015
Accessed 12,530 times.
PDF access policy
Journal allows immediate open access to content in HTML + PDF
EPub access policy
Full text in EPub is free except for the current issue. Access to the latest issue is reserved only for the paid subscribers.
View issue as eBook
Author Institution Mapping
Issue citations
Issue statistics
RSS
Show all abstracts
Show selected abstracts
Export selected to
Add to my list
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Prevalence and correlates of bacterial vaginosis among human immunodefficiency virus positive pregnant women at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
p. 39
Halima Bello, Sule A Gaya, Zainab D Ahmed, Hadiza S Galadanci
DOI
:10.4103/2321-9157.159964
Background:
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is one of the most prevalent causes of vaginal discharge or malodor and has been associated with several pregnancy complications including increased risk of mother to child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) during pregnancy.
Objective:
To determine the prevalence of BV among HIV-positive pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH), Kano.
Subjects
and
Methods:
This is a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out on 242 HIV positive pregnant women as the study group and 242 HIV negative pregnant women as the control group. Following administration of the questionnaires, high vaginal swabs was collected and tested for PH, whiff test and microscopy to identify clue cells. The data were analyzed using Epi info version 3.5. Chi-square test was used to determine the strengths of association between exposure (HIV) and outcome (BV) variables in the study and controlled groups. Association was considered statistically significant at
P
< 0.05.
Results:
The mean ages for both groups were 28.4 (standard deviation [SD] ± 4.45) and 28.7 (SD ± 4.88) years for reactive and nonreactive groups respectively. The women's parity ranged from 0 to 7 and mean parity were 1.91 and 2.05 for the reactive and nonreactive groups respectively. The overall prevalence of BV among pregnant women attending ANC clinic at AKTH was 43.2%. The prevalence of BV among HIV-positive pregnant women (71.3%) is significantly higher than that of HIV-negative pregnant mothers (28.7%),
P
< 0.001.
Conclusion:
Pregnant HIV-positive women have a higher risk of developing BV compared with their HIV-negative counterpart. Active screening for BV among HIV-positive pregnant women is advised.
[ABSTRACT]
[HTML Full text]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[Sword Plugin for Repository]
Beta
Pattern of high-risk behavior of male construction workers and exposure to HIV/AIDS in an Indian metropolitan city
p. 45
Rakesh B Waghmare, Seema S Bansode-Gokhe, Ratnendra R Shinde
DOI
:10.4103/2321-9157.159966
Context:
Recent industrialization and globalization are changing the Indian occupational morbidity drastically. This trend leads to many workers being exposed to high-risk social, sexual lifestyle and unhealthy environmental conditions, which have a deleterious effect on their health.
Aims:
To study the sociodemographic status, high-risk behavior among construction workers and to suggest recommendations.
Settings
and
Design:
This was a cross-sectional study carried out over a period of 2 years on 296 male construction workers at randomly selected 10 construction sites of Mumbai city.
Subjects
and
Methods:
Systemic random sampling was used for selection and questionnaire-related to sociodemographic profile, high-risk behavior was administered and responses were noted.
Statistical
Analysis
Used:
Descriptive statistics for sociodemographic factors and morbidity; cross-tabulation and test of significance to find association between different variables were used.
Results:
Of 296, 78.38% workers were migrants. One-third married workers were living with their spouses. Among all workers 27.36% had visited commercial sex worker (CSW) for one or more than one time and among them 17.28% workers had not used condom for one or more than one time. Prevalence of high-risk behavior was significantly higher among Madhya Pradesh workers. High-risk behavior was significantly associated with younger age group workers and those who were newer in City.
Conclusions:
More than 25% of workers had high-risk behavior and that were also more in younger workers. Unprotected sexual act with CSWs predispose them to the risk of HIV.
[ABSTRACT]
[HTML Full text]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[Sword Plugin for Repository]
Beta
Accelerated subclinical atherosclerosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients on protease inhibitor regime
p. 50
Gupta Salil, Bhartiya Manish, Nair Velu, AK Tewari, Naithani Nardeep
DOI
:10.4103/2321-9157.159969
Background:
The life expectancy of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals has significantly increased following the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). It is believed that because of their longevity these patients are more prone to atherosclerosis. This increased risk is not only linked to traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis, but also to HIV infection and cART.
Objective:
To identify the effects of HIV and cART (both protease inhibitor [PI] and non-PI based regimes) on carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT), a surrogate marker of subclinical atherosclerosis.
Patients and Methods:
Our cross-sectional study was done at a nodal HIV referral center. The study included 84 HIV-infected patients (24 exposed to PI-based cART, 30 to non-PI based cART, 30 not on cART) and 30 healthy age-matched controls. CIMT was measured ultrasonographically using high frequency B mode probe. The metabolic profile of the patients was also compared.
Results:
Using ANOVA the CIMT in patients on PI-based cART (0.82 + 0.17 mm) was significantly higher as compared to non-PI based cART (0.47 + 0.09 mm), HIV-infected patients not on ART (0.47 + 0.09 mm) and healthy control group (0.44 + 0.09 mm). When CIMT from non-PI based cART was compared with patients not on ART and healthy controls the difference was found not to be significant. Using linear regression analysis, the significant risk factors for this difference in CIMT in the PI-based regime included lower CD4 counts and higher total cholesterol.
Conclusions:
HIV-infected patients on PI-based cART are at risk for developing subclinical accelerated atherosclerosis. This will make them more prone to acute coronary syndromes, strokes, and peripheral vascular disease. Advanced HIV infection and high total cholesterol
per
se
may also contribute to this risk of atherosclerosis. Screening using CIMT measurement and rigorous risk factor management is advocated for these patients.
[ABSTRACT]
[HTML Full text]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[Sword Plugin for Repository]
Beta
A survey of human immunodeficiency virus-related knowledge and attitude among dental professionals and students
p. 56
Syeda A Ara, Sajna Ashraf, Syed Zakaullah, Bhagyashree Patil
DOI
:10.4103/2321-9157.159971
Background:
Kimberly. A. Bergalis was one among the six patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the first reported case after visiting a dentist with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). As the number of patients with HIV/AIDS is increasing, the need for medical and dental care is also increasing. Practitioners have to enhance their knowledge about the disease, its manifestations, prevention, and management.
Aim:
The aim was to evaluate HIV-related knowledge and attitude among dental professionals and students.
Methodology:
This cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire survey, which was distributed among 140 participants belonging to Al Badar Dental College and Hospital, Gulbarga, Karnataka.
Result:
The respondents overall mean knowledge score was good, 62.88%. The overall mean attitude score was 72.05% (7.92 ± 2.86) with a statistical significance (
Z
= 2.37,
P
< 0.05) shown by the males (79.68%, 8.76 ± 3.21) than females (67.72%, 7.44 ± 2.6).
Conclusion:
"Higher level of knowledge has higher attitude and willingness to treat HIV/AIDS patients," thus proving a need for a greater awareness among the undergraduates whose present level of knowledge is inadequate to function as part of a dental health care team in a country with a high prevalence of HIV. This article attempts to assess and reflect how much we need to improve our education system so as to be foolproof against this virus of mass destruction because forewarned is forearmed.
[ABSTRACT]
[HTML Full text]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[Sword Plugin for Repository]
Beta
CASE REPORTS
Central nervous system toxoplasmosis in human immunodeficiency virus infection: Imaging findings
p. 62
Adenike Temitayo Adeniji-Sofoluwe
DOI
:10.4103/2321-9157.159972
Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common zoonoses worldwide caused by
Toxoplasma gondii
. Majority of
T. gondii
infections are asymptomatic or induce transitory and mild symptoms characterized by lymphadenopathy. Risk factors are immunosuppression and pregnancy. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected persons represent the group at highest risk of developing symptomatic toxoplasmosis especially with a CD4 count of <100, which can be fatal. A middle-aged acute-on-chronic ill-looking, conscious, lethargic but confused, pale man with lymphadenopathy involving the cervical, sub-mental and axillary nodes, and widespread fungal infections is presented. Neurologic imaging is frequently used in the diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) toxoplasmosis in combination with serology and clinical assessment. Computed tomography scans show multiple, bilateral, contrast-enhancing ("ring enhancing"), focal brain lesions in 70-80% of patients with CNS toxoplasmosis. The course of disease can frequently be fatal if not recognized and treated early as was the case in this patient.
[ABSTRACT]
[HTML Full text]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[Citations (1) ]
[Sword Plugin for Repository]
Beta
Tuberculosis-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
p. 65
Vikas Mishra, Rishit Harbada, Akhilesh Sharma, Sunil Narute
DOI
:10.4103/2321-9157.159973
The characteristic hallmark of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndromes (IRIS) is paradoxical worsening of an existing infection or disease process or appearance of a new infection/disease process soon after initiation of therapy. In view of the overlapping symptoms, its nonspecific nature and a challenging obscurity of diagnosis, a multidimensional diagnostic approach is suggested. We report a case of paradoxical tuberculosis IRIS hidden behind other nonopportunistic infections such as dengue, malaria, and urinary tract infection in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
[ABSTRACT]
[HTML Full text]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[Sword Plugin for Repository]
Beta
Feedback
Subscribe
Next Issue
Previous Issue
Sitemap
|
What's New
|
Feedback
|
Disclaimer
© Journal of HIV and Human Reproduction | Published by Wolters Kluwer -
Medknow
Online since 25 December, 2012